Scientific publications

Spanish normative studies (NEURONORMA-Plus project)

Sep 20, 2021 | Magazine: Neurología

C Pérez-Enríquez  1 , G García-Escobar  2 , M Florido-Santiago  3 , J Piqué-Candini  4 , C Arrondo-Elizarán  5 , L Grau-Guinea  4 , B Pereira-Cuitiño  4 , R M Manero  2 , A Puig-Pijoan  2 , J Peña-Casanova  6 , G Sánchez-Benavides  7


Objective: The present study aims to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project.

Methods: We recruited 308 cognitively healthy individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores, as well as adjustments for education and sex after applying independent regression models in 2 age groups (<50 and ≥50 years).

Results: Older age had a negative effect on performance in both age groups. We observed a positive effect of education on WCST performance in the younger group (<50 years), and on all MTCF measures (with the exception of the recognition task) in the older group (≥50 years).

Education had no impact on performance in the RULIT, although sex did, with a small but significant effect whereby young men showed higher performance for one variable.

Conclusion: The normative data provided can contribute to the clinical interpretation of performance in these tests in the Spanish population.

CITATION  Neurologia. 2021 Sep 20;S0213-4853(21)00117-1. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.05.017