Study of the ganglion cell complex of the macula by optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of glaucoma progression

Introduction
The aim of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of the study of the ganglion cell complex of the macula using the OCT technique to estimate the progression of glaucoma according to its severity.

Material and methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. It includes 205 eyes of 131 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension followed for a mean of 5.7 years. The parameters and rates of three tests have been analyzed using the progression software of each instrument: visual field, optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the ganglion cell complex of the macula and in the nerve fiber layer of the optic nerve. The results of each test, the concordance between them and how they differ according to severity stage have been evaluated.

Results
Visual field classifies more cases of progression in moderate-advanced glaucoma, while in mild glaucoma its capacity is limited. Optic nerve fiber layer OCT classifies more cases of progression in mild glaucoma than in moderate-advanced glaucoma, as it is artifacted by the floor effect. OCT of the macular ganglion cell complex is the test that classifies more cases of progression and has the highest agreement with visual field, regardless of severity.

Conclusion
In both mild and moderate-advanced glaucoma, OCT of the macula ganglion cell complex may be a better biomarker of progression than OCT of the macula ganglion cell complex.

CITATION  Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed). 2024 Jan 10:S2173-5794(24)00004-5. doi: 10.1016/j.oftale.2024.01.004