Publicaciones científicas
The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant
Mariana G López # 1 , Álvaro Chiner-Oms # 1 , Darío García de Viedma 2 3 4 , Paula Ruiz-Rodriguez 5 , Maria Alma Bracho 6 7 , Irving Cancino-Muñoz 1 , Giuseppe D'Auria 7 8 , Griselda de Marco 8 , Neris García-González 6 , Galo Adrian Goig 9 , Inmaculada Gómez-Navarro 1 , Santiago Jiménez-Serrano 1 , Llúcia Martinez-Priego 8 , Paula Ruiz-Hueso 8 , Lidia Ruiz-Roldán 6 , Manuela Torres-Puente 1 , Juan Alberola 10 11 12 , Eliseo Albert 13 , Maitane Aranzamendi Zaldumbide 14 15 , María Pilar Bea-Escudero 16 , Jose Antonio Boga 17 18 , Antoni E Bordoy 19 , Andrés Canut-Blasco 20 , Ana Carvajal 21 , Gustavo Cilla Eguiluz 22 , Maria Luz Cordón Rodríguez 20 , José J Costa-Alcalde 23 , María de Toro 16 , Inmaculada de Toro Peinado 24 , Jose Luis Del Pozo 25 , Sebastián Duchêne 26 , Jovita Fernández-Pinero 27 , Begoña Fuster Escrivá 12 28 , Concepción Gimeno Cardona 28 , Verónica González Galán 29 , Nieves Gonzalo Jiménez 30 , Silvia Hernáez Crespo 20 , Marta Herranz 2 3 4 , José Antonio Lepe 29 , Carla López-Causapé 31 , José Luis López-Hontangas 32 , Vicente Martín 7 33 , Elisa Martró 7 19 , Ana Milagro Beamonte 34 , Milagrosa Montes Ros 22 , Rosario Moreno-Muñoz 35 , David Navarro 12 13 , José María Navarro-Marí 36 37 , Anna Not 19 , Antonio Oliver 31 38 , Begoña Palop-Borrás 24 , Mónica Parra Grande 39 , Irene Pedrosa-Corral 36 37 , Maria Carmen Pérez González 40 , Laura Pérez-Lago 2 3 , Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz 24 , Luis Piñeiro Vázquez 22 , Nuria Rabella 41 42 43 , Antonio Rezusta 34 44 45 , Lorena Robles Fonseca 46 , Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres 29 , Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez 36 37 , Jon Sicilia 2 3 , Alex Soriano 47 , María Dolores Tirado Balaguer 35 , Ignacio Torres 13 , Alexander Tristancho 34 44 , José María Marimón 22 , SeqCOVID-Spain consortium; Mireia Coscolla 48 , Fernando González-Candelas 49 50 , Iñaki Comas 51 52
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures.
Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events.
Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (Re < 1), also reflected in the replacement of SECs by a new variant over the summer of 2020. In summary, we reveal a notable difference in the initial genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain compared with other European countries and show evidence to support the effectiveness of lockdown measures in controlling virus spread, even for the most successful genetic variants.
CITA DEL ARTÍCULO Nat Genet. 2021 Oct;53(10):1405-1414. doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00936-6. Epub 2021 Sep 30
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