Publicaciones científicas
Genotype-first approach to identify associations between CDH1 germline variants and cancer phenotypes: a multicentre study by the European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes
José Garcia-Pelaez 1 , Rita Barbosa-Matos 2 , Silvana Lobo 2 , Alexandre Dias 3 , Luzia Garrido 4 , Sérgio Castedo 5 , Sónia Sousa 3 , Hugo Pinheiro 6 , Liliana Sousa 7 , Rita Monteiro 8 , Joaquin J Maqueda 9 , Susana Fernandes 10 , Fátima Carneiro 5 , Nádia Pinto 11 , Carolina Lemos 12 , Carla Pinto 13 , Manuel R Teixeira 14 , Stefan Aretz 15 , Svetlana Bajalica-Lagercrantz 16 , Judith Balmaña 17 , Ana Blatnik 18 , Patrick R Benusiglio 19 , Maud Blanluet 20 , Vicent Bours 21 , Hilde Brems 22 , Joan Brunet 23 , Daniele Calistri 24 , Gabriel Capellá 25 , Sergio Carrera 26 , Chrystelle Colas 27 , Karin Dahan 28 , Robin de Putter 29 , Camille Desseignés 19 , Elena Domínguez-Garrido 30 , Conceição Egas 31 , D Gareth Evans 32 , Damien Feret 28 , Eleanor Fewings 33 , Rebecca C Fitzgerald 34 , Florence Coulet 19 , María Garcia-Barcina 35 , Maurizio Genuardi 36 , Lisa Golmard 20 , Karl Hackmann 37 , Helen Hanson 38 , Elke Holinski-Feder 39 , Robert Hüneburg 40 , Mateja Krajc 18 , Kristina Lagerstedt-Robinson 41 , Conxi Lázaro 25 , Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg 42 , Cristina Martínez-Bouzas 43 , Sonia Merino 35 , Geneviève Michils 22 , Srdjan Novaković 44 , Ana Patiño-García 45 , Guglielmina Nadia Ranzani 46 , Evelin Schröck 47 , Inês Silva 48 , Catarina Silveira 48 , José L Soto 49 , Isabel Spier 15 , Verena Steinke-Lange 39 , Gianluca Tedaldi 24 , María-Isabel Tejada 43 , Emma R Woodward 32 , Marc Tischkowitz 33 , Nicoline Hoogerbrugge 50 , Carla Oliveira 51
Background: Truncating pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants of CDH1 cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), a tumour risk syndrome that predisposes carrier individuals to diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer. Rare CDH1 missense variants are often classified as variants of unknown significance. We conducted a genotype-phenotype analysis in families carrying rare CDH1 variants, comparing cancer spectrum in carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV; analysed jointly) or missense variants of unknown significance, assessing the frequency of families with lobular breast cancer among PV/LPV carrier families, and testing the performance of lobular breast cancer-expanded criteria for CDH1 testing.
Methods: This genotype-first study used retrospective diagnostic and clinical data from 854 carriers of 398 rare CDH1 variants and 1021 relatives, irrespective of HDGC clinical criteria, from 29 institutions in ten member-countries of the European Reference Network on Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS). Data were collected from Oct 1, 2018, to Sept 20, 2022. Variants were classified by molecular type and clinical actionability with the American College of Medical Genetics and Association for Molecular Pathology CDH1 guidelines (version 2). Families were categorised by whether they fulfilled the 2015 and 2020 HDGC clinical criteria. Genotype-phenotype associations were analysed by Student's t test, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, and multivariable logistic regression models. Performance of HDGC clinical criteria sets were assessed with an equivalence test and Youden index, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were compared by Z test.
Findings: From 1971 phenotypes (contributed by 854 probands and 1021 relatives aged 1-93 years), 460 had gastric and breast cancer histology available. CDH1 truncating PV/LPVs occurred in 176 (21%) of 854 families and missense variants of unknown significance in 169 (20%) families. Multivariable logistic regression comparing phenotypes occurring in families carrying PV/LPVs or missense variants of unknown significance showed that lobular breast cancer had the greatest positive association with the presence of PV/LPVs (odds ratio 12·39 [95% CI 2·66-57·74], p=0·0014), followed by diffuse gastric cancer (8·00 [2·18-29·39], p=0·0017) and gastric cancer (7·81 [2·03-29·96], p=0·0027). 136 (77%) of 176 families carrying PV/LPVs fulfilled the 2015 HDGC criteria. Of the remaining 40 (23%) families, who did not fulfil the 2015 criteria, 11 fulfilled the 2020 HDGC criteria, and 18 had lobular breast cancer only or lobular breast cancer and gastric cancer, but did not meet the 2020 criteria. No specific CDH1 variant was found to predispose individuals specifically to lobular breast cancer, although 12 (7%) of 176 PV/LPV carrier families had lobular breast cancer only. Addition of three new lobular breast cancer-centred criteria improved testing sensitivity while retaining high specificity. The probability of finding CDH1 PV/LPVs in patients fulfilling the lobular breast cancer-expanded criteria, compared with the 2020 criteria, increased significantly (AUC 0·92 vs 0·88; Z score 3·54; p=0·0004).
Interpretation: CDH1 PV/LPVs were positively associated with HDGC-related phenotypes (lobular breast cancer, diffuse gastric cancer, and gastric cancer), and no evidence for a positive association with these phenotypes was found for CDH1 missense variants of unknown significance. CDH1 PV/LPVs occurred often in families with lobular breast cancer who did not fulfil the 2020 HDGC criteria, supporting the expansion of lobular breast cancer-centred criteria.
Funding: European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes, European Regional Development Fund, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Cancer Research UK, and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
CITA DEL ARTÍCULO Lancet Oncol. 2023 Jan;24(1):91-106. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00643-X. Epub 2022 Nov 24.
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